成都市畜禽养殖污染调查与防控措施

调查和测算成都市畜禽粪尿及污染物的排放量,并对目前粪尿处理情况做了调查。2010年全市各类畜禽排泄粪尿总量2809．75×10^4t,其中935．65×10^4t未经无害化处理直接排放到环境中,对生态环境是一极大破坏。在分析养殖污染对生态环境的影响和对人类健康的危害的基础上,提出成都市养殖污染的防控措施：主要是改末端治理为养殖全程控制,重点要转变养殖业发展方式,以发展（生态养殖和低碳养殖）促治理,用循环经济理念治理养殖污染。     

Common allergens of atopic dermatitis in dogs: comparative findings based on intradermal tests

Intradermal tests were performed on 58 dogs diagnosed with atopic dermatitis from 2004~2008 at the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of Konkuk University, Korea. To compare the allergen distribution observed in the present investigation to the results from other studies conducted in Korea and elsewhere, the allergens were grouped according to their kinds. There was no significant difference in gender distribution among the dogs. The most common breeds among the 58 dogs were Maltese (n = 11) and Shih-tzu (n = 11). The average age was 4.8 years. The most frequently produced a positive reaction on the intradermal tests was mold (67.3%) followed by house dust (54.5%) and house dust mites (49.1%). The present study found a low distribution of dogs allergic to various outdoor allergens compared to studies performed in other countries; this may reflect differences in living conditions for dogs living in Korea.     

The effects of chronic intermittent noise exposure on broiler chicken performance

Effects of different noise levels (70 or 80 dB) that broilers were exposed to during the entire fattening period and also the effect of the timing of the first exposure to intermittent noise in the course of fattening (day 1 vs. day 7) were monitored. After 7 days of exposure to intermittent noise, experimental chickens already showed a significant decrease in live body weight in comparison with the control group. The difference between the group exposed to intermittent noise at 70 dB and the group exposed to 80 dB levels was not statistically significant, although the mean live body weight of broilers in the latter was lower during the entire fattening period. The chickens exposed to intermittent noise from day 1 of age showed lower mean live weight throughout the fattening period compared to chickens exposed to the same level of intermittent noise only from day 7 of age, although at the end of fattening the difference was statistically significant only in chickens exposed to the higher level of intermittent noise (80 dB).     

固态抑氨菌剂制备及其对蛋鸡舍的抑氨效果

为了为抑氨菌选择良好的固定化载体,并研究固态抑氨菌剂对降低鸡舍内氨质量浓度的效果,该文将7种有机载体混合成63种组合载体后,选择较佳的组合载体,并以此制成固态抑氨菌剂。于饲喂1000只商品蛋鸡的笼养蛋鸡舍中,将固态抑氨菌剂均匀撒放于鸡粪表面,研究其在鸡舍现场的抑氨效果。菌剂的撒放按照菌剂与鸡粪质量之比进行,试验1期为0.5%,试验2期为1%,试验3期为1.5%,对照1期、2期和3期均不撒放,每天4次测定鸡舍内6个点的温度、相对湿度、氨质量浓度和CO2体积分数,试验共进行36d。结果表明,麦糠、稻壳和玉米芯粉等量混合并以200%吸水率吸附抑氨菌液后制成的固态抑氨菌剂的效果较佳;试验1期鸡舍内氨质量浓度未发生显著变化(P>0.05),试验2期氨质量浓度降低15%(P<0.01),试验3期氨质量浓度降低59.3%(P<0.01);但3期试验均未对舍内CO2体积分数产生显著影响(P>0.05)。结果显示,以有机混合载体吸附抑氨菌液制成的固态抑氨菌剂有明显降低笼养蛋鸡舍内氨质量浓度的作用。该研究结果为生产过程中有效控制蛋鸡舍内的氨质量浓度提供理论参考。     

不同种植年限大棚菜田土壤水溶性盐分的变化特征

采集新乡市不同种植年限大棚菜田、露天菜田及大田土壤共计160个样品,调查分析水溶性盐总量、各盐分离子的变化及土壤pH值。结果表明,大棚土壤在连续种植不同年限后,水溶性盐总量上升幅度与种植年限呈极显著相关(r=0.92**);K+、Na+、Cl-、NO2-、NO3-、SO24-含量与种植年限呈正相关,而Ca2+、Mg2+、HCO3-含量变化与种植年限呈负相关;土壤pH值降低幅度与种植年限呈极显著相关;K+、Na+、Cl-、NO3-、SO42-的含量均与土壤水溶性盐总量呈极显著相关。新乡市大棚菜田土壤中Cl-、NO2-、NO3-含量与pH值变化存在极显著负相关;SO42-含量与pH值变化存在显著负相关;HCO3-与土壤pH值变化存在极显著正相关。新乡市大棚菜田阳离子以K+、Na+为主,阴离子主要以Cl-、NO2-、NO3-、SO42-为主;不同种植年限对大棚土壤盐渍化和酸化有极显著影响,K+、Na+、Cl-、NO2-、NO3-、SO42-则是造成土壤盐渍化的重要原因,Cl-、NO2-、NO3-、SO42-是造成土壤酸化的重要原因。     

对咸阳市畜禽粪便污染环境问题的初探

对咸阳地区的畜禽养殖状况,畜禽粪便的污染程度,畜禽粪便治理的现状与存在的问题,提出了治理的措施及治理后的前景,以期为政府部门在研究制定咸阳市规范时提供考虑。     

冷季提高猪舍环境温度方式之效益分析

寻找温度与猪的生长之间关系的有关数据,得出在临界温度下,育成猪的生长随温度变化而变化的规律;总结了我国各地现有的各种养猪舍建筑形式;分析、探索了冷季提高、维持猪舍环境温度的各种方式;通过估算其成本和它们各自能带来的经济效益经行经济性比较得出全封闭式暖床保温。     

稻草砌块砖建造草砖房的结构工艺探讨

介绍了稻草砌块的制作,对草砖房的结构及施工工艺进行了论述。